ADAM Health Encyclopedia

Gums - swollen

Definition

Swollen gums are abnormally enlarged, bulging, or protruding.

Alternative Names

Considerations

Gum swelling is quite common and may involve one or many papillae (the triangular-shaped bits of gum between adjacent teeth).

Occasionally, the gums swell significantly, obscuring the teeth altogether.

Causes

• Infection by a virus or fungus
• Gingivitis
• Poorly fitting dentures
• Sensitivity to toothpaste or mouthwash
• Side effect of a drug such as Dilantin or phenobarbital
• Malnutrition
• Scurvy
• Pregnancy

Home Care

Improve your nutrition if it is poor.

Avoid gum irritants such as commercial mouthwashes, alcohol, and tobacco. For swollen gums caused by sensitivity to toothpaste or mouthwash, change the toothpaste brand and avoid using mouthwashes.

Use good oral hygiene. See a periodontist (or dentist) at least every 6 months.

For swollen gums caused by reaction to a drug, consult your health care provider about using substitutes. Never change medications without first talking to your doctor.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

• swelling is severe, persistent, or is accompanied by other unexplained symptoms.
• discomfort is associated with swelling

The dentist will examine your mouth, teeth, and gums. You will be asked questions about your medical history and symptoms, such as:

• Quality
  • Do your gums bleed?
• Time pattern
  • Did the swelling begin recently?
  • Are they always swollen?
  • Does the amount of swelling change?
  • Does it only occur occasionally?
  • Have you had gum problems before?
• Oral hygiene habits
  • How often do you brush?
  • How often do you floss?
  • How hard of a toothbrush is used?
  • How vigorously do you brush?
  • What are other habits (use of toothpicks or other)?
  • When was the last time you had the teeth professionally cleaned (at the dentists)?
• Eating habits
  • Have you changed your diet?
  • Do you eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables?
  • Do you take supplemental vitamins?
• Other
  • What medications do you take?
  • Are you pregnant?
  • Have you changed mouthwash or tooth paste recently?
  • What other symptoms do you have? For example, breath odor, sore throat, pain

Tests may include blood studies such as a CBC or blood differential.

The patient will be taught proper mouth and gum care. Emotional support and reassurance that the swelling typically resolves with treatment should be offered.